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History of the University of Oxford from 1096 AD

As the Oxford University is known worldwide and is a symbol of England and its education system I thought I would write about their famous alumni and history. The University of Oxford does not have a precise date of foundation. Professor at Oxford existed in some form in 1096.

The expulsion of foreigners from the University of Paris in 1167 caused many English scholars to return from France and settle in Oxford. The historian Gerald Wales gave a lecture to the school in 1188 and the first known foreign scholar, Emo of Friesland arrived in 1190. The rector of the University was appointed chancellor of 1201, and teachers were recognized as a universitas or corporation in 1231.

The students associated together, on the basis of geographical origins, into two "nations", representing the North (including Scotland) and South (including the Irish and Welsh). In later centuries, geographical origins continued to influence many students' affiliations when membership in a college or hall became customary Oxford. Members of many religious orders, including Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites and Augustinians, settled in Oxford in the mid-13th century, gained influence, and maintain the students' homes. At the same time, private benefactors established colleges to serve as an autonomous academic.

Among the first is William Durham, who in 1249 endowed University College, and John I of Balliol, father of the future king of Scotland: Balliol College named after him. Another founder, Walter de Merton, a chancellor of England and afterwards Bishop of Rochester, devised a set of standards for university life, Merton College and became the model for such establishments Oxford and the University of Cambridge. Since then, a growing number of students living in halls and abandoned houses for religious life in the universities.

The new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the 15th century. Among students of the University at the time were William Grocyn, which contributed the rebirth of the Greek language, and John Colet, the biblical scholar. With the Reformation and the breaking of ties with the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Oxford scholars Recusant fled to continental Europe, settling mostly in the University of Douai.

The method of teaching at the university became the method Scholastic medieval to Renaissance education, although institutions associated with the university suffered loss of land and income. In 1636, Chancellor William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, codified the university laws, which largely remained regulations governing the college, until the mid 19th century. Laud was also responsible for issuing a letter to secure the privileges of Oxford University Press, and made significant contributions to the Bodleian Library, the university's main library.

The university was a center of royalist party during the English Civil War (1642-1649), while the city for the parliamentary cause of opposition. A From the second half of the 18th century, however, the University of Oxford took little part in political conflicts.

Mid-nineteenth century saw the impact of the Movement Oxford (1833-1845), led among others by the future Cardinal Newman. The influence of the reform model of the German university reached through leading Oxford scholars and researchers such as Benjamin Jowett and Max Müller.

Administrative reforms during the 19th century included the replacement of oral examinations for entrance exams writing, a greater tolerance for religious dissent, and the establishment of universities in four women. Twentieth century, the Privy Council decisions (such as the abolition the compulsory daily worship, the dissociation of the Regius Professor of Hebrew, that the clerical state, the deviation of the legacies theological colleges to other end) to loosen the link with traditional beliefs and practice. Although the emphasis of the University has traditionally been the classical knowledge, its curriculum expanded during the 19th century to include the scientific and medical studies.

Mid-twentieth century saw many distinguished scholars continental displaced by Nazism and communism, moving to Oxford.

The list of distinguished scholars from the University of Oxford is long and includes many who have made great contributions British politics, science, medicine and literature. More than forty Nobel laureates and more than fifty world leaders have joined the University of Oxford.

Famous Alumni University of Oxford:

Balliol College (1263)

John Wycliffe, Adam Smith, William Beveridge, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Hilaire Belloc, Aldous Huxley, King Olav V of Norway, King Harald of Norway, Edward Heath, Harold Macmillan, Grahame Greene, Siegfried Sassoon, Denis Healey, Roy Jenkins, Cosmo Lang, Frederick Temple, William Temple, Herbert Asquith, Joe Grimond, Nevil Shute, Chris Patten, Lionel Blue, Boris Johnson, Lord Peter Wimsey

Brasenose College (1509)

William Webb Ellis, Colin Cowdrey, William Golding, Robert Runcie, Michael Palin, John Buchan, the Field Marshal Haig, Stephen Dorrell, John Gorton, David Cameron

Christ Church College (1546)

Philip Sidney, John Locke, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, John Ruskin, Zulfikar Bhutto, John Taverner, Adrian Boult, William Walton, Lewis Carroll, WH Auden, Auberon Waugh, Edward VII, Ludovic Kennedy, Lord Fawsley, John Wesley, Charles Wesley, William Penn, Albert Einstein, David Dimbleby, Robert Peel, William Gladstone, Marquess of Salisbury, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas Home, Nigel Lawson, Trevor Huddleston, Alan Clarke.

Corpus Christi College (1517)

William Waldegrave, John Keble, Vikram Seth, Robert Bridges, Isaiah Berlin

Exeter College (1314)

RD Blackmore, JRR Tolkien, Geoffrey Fisher, Hubert Parry, Edward Burne-Jones, Roger Bannister, Ned Sherrin, Robert Robinson, Richard Burton, Martin Amis, Russell Harty, Alan Bennett, William Morris, Imogen Stubbs, Will Self

Hertford College (1740)

John Donne, William Tyndale, Jonathan Swift, Henry Pelham, Evelyn Waugh, Thomas Hobbes, Charles James Fox, Natasha Kaplinsky, Fiona Bruce, Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Jacqui Smith

Jesus College (1571)

Harold Wilson, Magnus Magnusson, Paul Jones, TE Lawrence

Keble College (1870)

Imran Khan, Chad Varah, Timmy Mallett

Lady Margaret University Hall (1878)

Benazir Bhutto, Antonia Fraser, Barbara Mills

Lincoln College (1427)

John Wesley, John Le Carre Manfred von Richthofen, Dr. Seuss

Magdalen College (1458)

John Betjeman, Edward VIII, Keith Joseph, Ivor Novello, Dudley Moore, Kenneth Baker, CS Lewis, Desmond Morris, John Redwood, Oscar Wilde, Cardinal Wolsey, William Hague, Malcolm Fraser, Bertie Wooster

Mansfield University (1886)

Adam von Trott

Merton College (1264)

William Harvey, Max Beerbohm, TS Eliot, Sheridan Morley, Roger Bannister, Frank Bough, Kris Kristofferson, Prince Naruhito, John Wycliffe

New College (1379)

William Spooner, John Galsworthy, Hugh Gaitskell, Tony Benn, Dennis Potter, Gyles Brandreth, Douglas Jardine, Hugh Grant, Brian Johnston, John Fowles, Kate Beckinsale

Oriel College (1326)

Cardinal Newman, Cecil Rhodes, Beau Brummel, Sir Walter Raleigh

Pembroke College (1624)

Michael Heseltine, Samuel Johnson, Julian Critchley, Denzil Davies, George Whitefield, James Smithson

College Queen (1341)

Edmund Halley, Brian Walden, David Jenkins, Jeremy Bentham, Rowan Atkinson, Henry V, Gerald Kaufman, Tim Berners-Lee

Santa Ana College (1893)

Edwina Currie, Penelope Lively, Simon Rattle, Iris Murdoch, Sister Wendy Beckett, Baroness Young, Libby Purves, Jancis Robinson

Colegio de Santa Catalina (1963)

John Birt, John Paul Getty, Joseph Heller, AA Milne, Matthew Pinsent, Peter Mandelson, Jeanette Winterson

St Edmund Hall College (1278)

Robin Day, Terry Jones

St Hilda's College (1893)

Gillian Shephard, Zeinab Badawi, Helen Jackson, Miles Ross, Susan Greenfield, Val McDermid

St Hugh College (1886)

Barbara Castillo, Ruth Lawrence, Kate Adie

St John College (1555)

AE Housman, Jethro Tull, Kingsley Amis, Robert Graves, Philip Larkin, John Wain, Tony Blair, Inspector Morse

San Pedro College (1929)

Peter Wright, Rev W Awdry, Paul Condon, Ken Loach

Somerville College (1879)

Margaret Thatcher, Brittain Vera, Iris Murdoch, Dorothy Sayers L, Esther Rantzen, Indira Gandhi, Shirley Williams, Dorothy Hodgkin

Trinity College (1554)

Laurence Binyon, Terence Rattigan, Jeremy Thorpe, Cardinal Newman, Norris McWhirter, Miles Kingston, Robin Leigh-Pemberton

University College (1249)

Clement Attlee, Hugh Gaitskell, Harold Wilson, William Beveridge, Stephen Hawking, Paul Gambaccini, Peter Sissons, CS Lewis, Bill Clinton, Willie Rushton, Peter Snow, Bob Hawke, Richard Ingram, VS Naipaul, Percy Shelley, Chelsea Clinton

Wadham College (1610)

Cecil Day Lewis, Thomas Beecham, Michael Foot, Melvyn Bragg, Christopher Wren

Worcester College (1714)

Alastair Burnett, Richard Adams, Rupert Murdoch, John Sainsbury, Thomas de Quincey.

By Please visit my art Funny Animal Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com

My other website is Directory of British icons named: http://fabprints.webs.com

Please visit my many articles on http://bloggs.resourcez.com

The 'Island of Heroes' Chinese call Britain I think sums up what we, the British question. The British are curious and competitive and are always looking on the horizon for the next adventure and discovery.

Copyright © 2010 – 2011 Paul Hussey. All rights reserved.

About the Author

I have recently decided to write articles on my favourite subjects: English Sports, English History, English Icons, English Discoveries and English Inventions.

At present I have written many articles which I call “An Englishman’s Favourite Bits Of England” as various chapters.

Please visit my Blogs page http://Bloggs.Resourcez.Com where I have listed my most recent articles to date.

Copyright © 2010 – 2011 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.

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